This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. The way I remember it is, there was a theme to each episode, and Max would repeat it over and over. College Dorm Party: Fresh and Unique Ideas. He was a silent kid who was essentially a Chewbacca opposite Rubys Star Solo, but as the episode proceeded, he began to speak in small sentences, contradicting all of the mute serial killer claims. It aims to encourage thinking outside the box by providing inspirational and engaging content. There are several unofficial theories as to why Max doesn't talk. "Max and Ruby" is a lovable cartoon about Max, a rambunctious, one-word-speaking three-year-old bunny, and Ruby, his bossy seven-year-old sister. "And that would be the only word he'd say throughout the episode. But the creators of the show have never explained why Max didn't speak properly with Ruby for the majority of the series. It also gained a huge audience when it was premiered in theUnited States onNick Jr.in 2002. Though it may seem like children are born talking, some kids have a harder time than others when it comes to communicating. Why Is My Check Engine Light Flashing And Car Shaking. How do you think talking would change their relationship? And, presumably, his infatuation with plastic ambulances as well as police cars harkens back to the tragic automobile accident that claimed his parents lives. And, Max being mute. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); TalkativePanda provides Global News and Knowledge based on the latest trends in the world. The Distractify report further reveals that for 45 of the show's 96 episodes, Max does have a voice actor. Again, fans had been questioning why their parents weren't in the original series. They both are living with their grandmother. In the United States, the series first aired on Nick Jr . Though they are siblings, the two never speak to each other. Disney Plus Not Working On Firestick: How To Fix The Issue? Max was molested by his grandma, leaving him traumatised. Loranocarter Texas SEO Agency Experience the Best, Austin Wolf The Male Celebrity Winning Ladies Love. Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . They aren't in the series at all. Ruby does talk to Max.He does not talk because I think he is supposed to be a toddler bunny.He doesn't have his full speaking skills yet.I love them,by the way.They are children bunnies,that visit their grandma,but where are their parents?Why do they live alone together when Rubu seems like a pre teen bunny and Max is a toddler?Is she a young [1] In the United States, the series first aired on Nick Jr. on October 21, 2002. What can you learn from Max and Rubys communication strategies? M when something exciting happens. when somethings wrong, and Oh boy! Max is naughty and disorganized, whereas Ruby is domineering, tenacious, and well-organized. - i need a reason to go on TalkativePanda Copyright 2022. [1] In the United States, the series aired on Nick Jr. on January 7, 2003. Max and Ruby is an animated childrens television program based on Rosemary Wells book series about a Canadian artist. Mrs. Huffington (voiced by Emily Scott in (Seasons 1-5), then. To inquire about a licence to reproduce material, visit our Syndication site. Obviously, that rumor was debunked when the parents eventually showed up. The way I remember it is, there was a theme to each episode, and Max would repeat it over and over. Have fun! In an interview, show creator Rosemary Wells explained that in early seasons "we don't see Max and Ruby's parents because I believe that kids resolve their issues and conflicts differently when they're on their own". The kids who originally grew up watching the show might be shocked to learn that in newer seasons, Max can actually string a sentence together and does speak normally. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. On a YouTube clip showing Max talking, viewers shared their reactions in the comments. Max & Ruby is an animated preschool series produced by Nelvana based on the books by Rosemary Wells. In todays society, children are facing more problems than ever before. See release date & time. Max was molested. Based on the beloved books by Rosemary Wells, each episode of Max & Ruby centers around Max, a preschool bunny, and his seven-year-old sister Ruby. The humorous relationship between siblings is at the heart of these stories. Why Did Max And Ruby Never Talk? Just like the burning question as to where their parents are, there are several unofficial theories as to why Max doesn't talk. Read: What Sound Does A Whippoorwill Bird Make? For 45 of the show's 96 produced episodes, he does have a voice actor, Julie-Ann Dean, who may have had one of the easiest voice-over gigs since Vin Diesel in Guardians of the Galaxy. They said, We dont see Max and Rubys parents because I feel that kids handle their challenges and disputes differently when theyre on their own.. For Max to start speaking could easily be due to him growing up. According to one idea, he is deafened that his grandmother, an old lady in the series, molested (Max) at a very young age instead of treating him like a grandchild. Many have long since wondered about why Max never speaks in the show. Why Did Max And Ruby Never Talk? Max did have a voice actor playing him (Julie-Ann Dean) for the odd noises and small words he would occasional utter. View our online Press Pack. A report on Distractify revealed that there is a theory that suggests that Max has some type of head trauma. Wells is simply saying that Max and Ruby is there to show the kids solving problems on their own, without their parents watching over them. One said: "The way I remember Max and Ruby is they had no parents and Max would only say one word the whole episode.". Some tried to pass off bogus mail from the shows producers, claiming that Max had suffered some head trauma in the automobile crash that killed his mother and father and that Ruby was left to care for him. MAX and Ruby is a kids' TV show following a brother and sister bunny duo. MAX AND RUBY HAS BEEN RUINED FOR BE OH MY GOD pic.twitter.com/zAqSj6iwLt, Max & ruby according to my brother: Max and Ruby is a show abouttwo bunnies. Why isn't Max conversing with Max & Ruby? Sticking [] they have no parents. she is an good role mottle sometimes but to selfish other times. View our online Press Pack. For further details of our complaints policy and to make a complaint please click this link: thesun.co.uk/editorial-complaints/, Fans were confused why Max couldn't speak in Max And Ruby, Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). But the creators of the show have never explained why Max didn't speak. - please, My dad told me that when he was 5 he wanted to be a thief and a music conductor and it got me thinking about me. Many children are also dealing with family issues, such as divorce or parents who are addicted to drugs or alcohol. Follow Metro across our social channels, on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. In an interview, show creator Rosemary Wells explained that in early seasons "we don't see Max and Ruby's parents because I believe that kids resolve their issues and conflicts differently when they're on their own". Have something to tell us about this article? Talking should be enjoyable for both of you. in Roger's Choice, Louise says "we're going to play with Roger Piazza", "Ruby's Piano Practice; Max's Bath; Max's Bedtime", "The Hays Daily News from Hays, Kansas on October 18, 2002", "Activities for Blue's Clues, Dora, Diego, LazyTown, Wonderpets", "Hoppy news: Cartoon bunnies Max and Ruby's parents aren't dead after all", "Business | Noddy embarks on global adventure", "Max's Preschool; Grandma's Storytime Sleepover", "Cartoon bunnies Max and Ruby's parents aren't dead after all", "Nelvana Acquires Chorion's Interest in Max & Ruby", The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius. Max was injured in an accident with this car. However, many fans of the show have had a ton of questions about it, ever since the series debuted. Another commonly held (but never confirmed) theory is that Max was injured in some way. Max was molested by his grandma, leaving him traumatised. Talking also helps children learn new words, understand concepts, and develop their own ideas. After Chorion and its division Silver Lining Productions both close their doors when season 5 finished production, Atomic Cartoons overtook co-producing the series, season 6 of which premiered on September 18, 2016,[13] with a new main voice cast and theme song, along with each episode now having 2 10-minute segments per half-hour, rather than having 3 7-minute segments as in the previous five seasons. Why Did Max And Ruby Never Talk? Priya (voiced by Laabiah Alvi) is one of Max's classmates. To inquire about a licence to reproduce material, visit our Syndication site. The programs fourth and fifth seasons were also co-produced by Chorion. Succession Season 4 Release Date | Cast, Synopsis Hint. But as the show progressed, he did start using some wee words and phrases. Finally, talking to your child gives you insight into their thoughts and feelings, which can make parenting easier. Use facial expressions and body language to help communicate your feelings. But in episodes like season 1 episode 9 max makes a cake for . "The Sun", "Sun", "Sun Online" are registered trademarks or trade names of News Group Newspapers Limited. The . The show follows two bunnies: Max, a rowdy and determined three-year-old, and his older sister Ruby, a patient, goal-oriented seven-year-old. Who knew they had parents?? The show aired from 2002- 2022, but current audiences are discovering it all over the place on Netflix. Again, this isn't the truth. But the creators of the show have never explained why Max didn't speak properly with Ruby for the majority of the series. Sticking true to tradition to wholesome childrens cartoons, over time, sinister theories have emerged about the show including why Max doesnt actualy speak. Max & Ruby is a Canadian children's animated television series based on the book series by Rosemary Wells and produced by Nelvana Limited with the participation of Nickelodeon Canada.Billy Rosemberg and Samantha Peters star as the voice of Max and Ruby, the title-characters. The two bunnies also didn't seem to have parents who were around - that is at least until five seasons later when they are finally seen after 14 years of viewer speculation. The two bunnies also didn't seem to have parents who were around - that is at least until five seasons later when they are finally seen after 14 years of viewer speculation. Offers may be subject to change without notice. What Is Needed For Steering Control On A PWC? The above-mentioned theory not only explains the reason for Maxs silence but also the reason behind his parents absence. Some believe that it is because they are rabbits and do not need to communicate verbally in order to understand each other. Oliver (voiced by Julie Lemieux) is one of Max and Ruby's new baby siblings and Grace's younger twin brother. [15]. - max can talk The series first debuted back in 2002 but modern audiences are discovering the show through Netflix. As a result of all these problems, some children withdraw into themselves and dont talk to anyone. She is also 7 years old. One theory suggests that he is mute because his grandmother molested him at a. To see all content on The Sun, please use the Site Map. Dell Precision 7730 Review Is it the Allrounder for you? Ruby is a patient and goal-oriented seven-year-old. Max has head trauma from a car accident which killed his parents, leaving Ruby to look after him. We dont see Max and Rubys parents because I feel that kids settle their challenges and disputes differently when theyre on their own, author Rosemary Well told Nick Jr. why the parent took so long to emerge. Maxs ability to speak could easily be attributed to his maturation. MAX and Ruby is a kids' TV show following a brother and sister bunny duo. The Sun website is regulated by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), Our journalists strive for accuracy but on occasion we make mistakes. Antonio (voiced by Emilio Virguez) is one of Ruby's classmates. In an interview that is reportedly no longer available, show creator Rosemary Wells explained that in early seasons "we don't see Max and Ruby's parents because I believe that kids resolve their issues and conflicts differently when they're on their own". This apparently could explain why he creates the "Super Bunny" character in his head to protect him. These DVDs (see below) only have episodes from the first five seasons. Max and Ruby first hit our screens in 2002 and has returned every few years for a new batch of episodes with the most recent season coming in 2019. Make Or Break Season 2 Release Date | When Is Series Coming Out? It's the fact that Max is speaking in full sentences. it pretty good. But viewers have wondered why Max never spoke, so here are some popular fan theories. One theory suggested that Max and Rubys parents . He sustained it during the car accident that killed their parents. After five seasons and 14 years of the show, Nickelodeon finally featured the rabbits' parents and I think it has to do a lot with some of the scary theories that were floating around the web. Max was molested by his grandma, leaving him traumatised. This is some kind of bunnies' show which is telecast on the televisions in the year of 2002. The entire show spins around their everyday movement, every episode zeroing in on a particular point. Model good communication yourself. But there are some pretty eccentric fan theories that might leave many people in splits. On a YouTube clip showing Max talking, viewers shared their reactions in the comments. When Max and Ruby were very young, their parents died suddenly and they became orphans. The kids who originally grew up watching the show might be shocked to learn that in newer seasons, Max can actually string a sentence together and does speak normally. MAX and Ruby is a beloved children's TV series following the adventures of bunny duo Max and his older sister Ruby. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. Max and Ruby first hit our screens in 2002 and has returned every few years for a new batch of episodes with the most recent season coming in 2019. Have a Conversation Take some time each day to talk with your child about their day, their thoughts, or anything else they want to chat about. He was a quiet toddler who was basically a Chewbacca to Ruby's Han Solo, but as the show progressed, he did talk using short words and phrases, thus debunking all of those "mute serial killer" theories. Answer (1 of 2): Max and Ruby is a children's animated TV series, based on the books by Rosemary Wells. - theme song redone The show follows the daily adventures of brother and sister bunnies, Max and Ruby. MORE : My Little Pony will introduce a lesbian couple in time for Pride Month, MORE : Rugrats reboot confirmed by Nickelodeon with new series and live-action movie on way. Over the years a number of fan theories have emerged about Max and Ruby that offer up suggestions about why three-year-old Max doesnt talk much and also why Max and Ruby dont seem to have any parents. I have heard another theory that max was molested by his grandma in the show. Yana Kunitskaya Biography, Net Worth, Life Facts, Reshad Jones Bio, NFL, College, Girlfriend, Net Worth & more, Rob Deer Bio, Wiki, Height, Girlfriend, Career, Legacy, Family, Brandi Rhodes Bio, Net Worth, Height, Weight, Facts, Next In Fashion Season 2 Release Date | Cast & Crew Full Members, We Have a Ghost Release Date | What We Know About The Cast, The Strays Netflix Release Date | Cast & Crew Full List, American Auto Season 2 | Release Date, Trailer, Cast, Zach Shallcross Net Worth | The Bachelor Season 27. Earlier in 2020, a Distractify article shone a light on some of these disturbing fan theories. Billy Rosemberg and Samantha Peters star as the voice of Max and Ruby, the title-characters. ", Apprentice pair facing the sack after romping at show's 17m mansion, Brand new Disney show fails to premiere leaving fans furious, Love Island's Olivia Hawkins breaks silence as she returns to the UK, EastEnders Natalie Cassidy shares rare picture of her lookalike daughter Joanie, 6, News Group Newspapers Limited in England No. There are various unofficial hypotheses about why Max doesnt talk, just because there are several official ideas about where his parents are. Max has head trauma from a car accident which killed his parents, leaving Ruby to look after him. This is because there have been letters from the shows creators claiming that Max had head damage in the vehicle accident that killed his parents, so Ruby is left alone to care for him. Or that they were attacked by a wolf, or as part of Ruby's "OCD Rage," or Grandma so she could "properly" raise the bunnies, or their parents offed themselves to get out of having to look after these little nutjobs. NickJr.com The following is a list of episodes of Max & Ruby. One of the longest-running kids TV shows of recent years has been the Canadian series Max and Ruby which stars the titular cute and cuddly bunnies. Sofia Ansari All About the Social Media Star and her Scandals. A more pressing one, however, is whatever happened to the rabbits' parents? The DARK TRUTH about Max and Ruby - YouTube 0:00 / 5:40 Intro The DARK TRUTH about Max and Ruby Plug Cast 2.55K subscribers Subscribe 3K 110K views 2 years ago *NOTHING IN THIS VIDEO IS. "Max's Christmas" / "Ruby's Snow Queen" / "Max's Rocket Run", "Ruby's Figure 8" / "Ruby's Surprise Party" / "Ruby's Tent", "Ruby's Tea Party" / "Max Is It" / "Ruby's Science Project", "Ruby Writes a Story" / "Max's Dominoes" / "Grandma's Attic", "Max's Chocolate Chicken" / "Ruby's Beauty Shop" / "Max Drives Away", "Camp Out" / "Ruby's Clubhouse" / "Max's Picnic", "Ruby's Merit Badge" / "Max's Apple" / "Quiet Max", "Max Misses the Bus" / "Max's Worm Cake" / "Max's Rainy Day", "Max's Halloween" / "Ruby's Leaf Collection" / "The Blue Tarantula", "Ruby's Panda Prize" / "Ruby's Roller Skates" / "Ghost Bunny", "Max's Shadow" / "Max Remembers" / "Ruby's Candy Store", "Max's Thanksgiving" / "Max's Pretend Friend" / "Fireman Max", "Max's Birthday" / "Max's New Suit" / "Goodnight Max", "Bunny Cakes" / "Bunny Party" / "Bunny Money", "Max's Bug Salad" / "Ruby's Beach Party" / "Super Max to the Rescue", "Hide & Seek" / "Max's Breakfast" / "Louise's Secret", "Max's Froggy Friend" / "Max's Music" / "Max Gets Wet", "Max's Dragon Shirt" / "Max's Rabbit Racer" / "Roger's Choice", "Ruby's Hiccups" / "The Big Picture" / "Ruby's Stage Show", "Ruby's Piano Practice" / "Max's Bath" / "Max's Bedtime", "Ruby's Easter Bonnet" / "Max's Easter Parade" / "Max and the Easter Bunny", "Ruby's Loose Tooth" / "Ruby Scores" / "Ruby's Sandcastle", "Max's Work of Art" / "Max Meets Morris" / "Ruby's Scavenger Hunt", "Max's Check Up" / "Max's Prize" / "Space Max", "Ruby's Lemonade Stand" / "Ruby's Rummage Sale" / "Ruby's Magic Act", "Ruby's Hippity Hop Dance" / "Ruby's Bird Bath" / "Super Max Saves the World", "Ruby's Pajama Party" / "Baby Max" / "Bunny Scout Brownies", "Max's Valentine" / "Ruby Flies a Kite" / "Super Max", "Grandma's Present" / "Max and Ruby's Christmas Tree" / "Max's Snow Plow", "Max's Snow Day" / "Max's Snow Bunny" / "Max's Mix Up", "Max's Fireflies" / "Max and Ruby's Fashion Show" / "Ruby's Sing Along", "Ruby's Puppet Show" / "Sugar Plum Max" / "Max's Ant Farm", "Grandma's Berry Patch" / "Ruby's Bunny Scout Banner" / "Ruby's Detective Agency", "Surprise Ruby" / "Ruby's Birthday Party" / "Ruby's Birthday Present", "Ruby's Safari" / "Max's Mud Bath" / "Max's Lost Lizard", "Ruby Riding Hood" / "Max and the Beanstalk" / "The Froggy Prince", "Max and Ruby's Perfect Pumpkin / "Max's Jack O Lantern" / "Max's Big Boo", "Max's Rocket Racer" / "Max and Morris Blast Off" / "Max's Candy Apple", "Ruby Delivers" / "Getting Crabby at the Beach" / "Max Babysits", "Max Cleans Up" / "Max's Cuckoo Clock" / "Ruby's Jewelry Box", "Grandma's Treasure Hunt" / "Ruby's Jigsaw Puzzle" / "Ruby's Recital", "Ruby's Rainbow" / "Home Tweet Home" / "Max's Mudpie", "Ruby's Home Run" / "Ruby's Missing Tune" / "Ruby's Handstand", "Ruby's Good Neighbor Report" / "Candy Counting" / "Ruby's New Shoes", "Ruby's Snowbunny" / "Ruby's Snowflake" / "Duck Duck Goose", "Ruby's Gingerbread House" / "Max's Christmas Passed" / "Max's New Year", "Ruby's Horn of Plenty" / "Ruby's Big Kick" / "Max Says Goodbye", "Max's Balloon Buddies" / "Ruby's Penny Carnival" / "Ruby's Big Win", "The Princess and the Marbles" / "Emperor Max's New Suit" / "Max and the 3 Little Bunnies", "Ruby's Real Cinderella" / "Ruby's Hoola Hoop" / "Max and the Martians", "Max's Castle" / "Bunny Hopscotch" / "Max's Grasshopper", "Ruby's Water Lily" / "Max Saves the Parade" / "Super Max's Cape", "Max and Ruby's Groundhog Day" / "Ruby's First Robin of Spring" / "Grandma's Geraniums", "Max's Ducky Day" / "Ruby's Earth Day Checklist" / "Ruby's Earth Day Party", "Ruby Gets The Picture" / "Ruby's Birdie" / "Max Plays Catch", "Max's Night Light" / "Ruby's Bird Walk" / "Max Goes Fishing", "Max Says Hello" / "Ruby's Spa Day" / "Ruby's Tai Chi", "Engineer Max" / "Max's Toy Train" / "Max's Train Ride", "Max and Ruby's Train Trip" / "Go to Sleep Max" / "Conductor Max", "Space Bunny" / "Max's Sprinkler" / "Max's Pogo Stick", "Picture Perfect" / "Detective Ruby" / "Super Bunny Saves the Cake", "Max's Ride" / "Max on Guard" / "Ruby's Real Tea Party", "The Bunny Who Cried Lobster" / "Max and The 3 Little Bears" / "Little Ruby Hen", "Ruby's Autograph" / "A Toy For Baby Huffington" / "Max's Big Dig", This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 23:27. One theory suggests that he is mute because his grandmother molested him at a young age, thus leading him to create Super Bunny, an imaginary hero who serves as his protector. It's why he sometimes obsesses over toy police cars and ambulance trucks. Read Together Reading aloud to your child gives them a chance to practice following along with a story, as well as improve their vocabulary. (Example: if the episode was about Max wanting to play with his fire truck, he'd continuously repeat 'fire truck' throughout the duration of the episode, and that's all he'd say.)". Distractify is a registered trademark. Ruby is the female rabbit and senior sister of every one of her kin, around 7 years of age. Max and Ruby are two rabbits, two exceptionally charming little rabbits who are the existence of the entire show. Nelvana would still handle producing the series, and would for the rest of its run. The series focuses on the titular characters. Draw Pictures Drawing is a great way for kids to communicate without using words. Max & Ruby first aired in Canada on Treehouse TV on May 3, 2002. And because one of the best parts of the web is reading up on everyone's crazy fan theories, it's hard not to get sucked into these deranged Max and Ruby ones. This is because there were reports of correspondence from the shows producers indicating that Max has some type of head injury he sustained in the car accident that allegedly killed his parents, and Ruby is left to care for him. One of the most burning questions is, Why does Max never talk in Max and Ruby?, Read |Netflix special 'Enola Holmes' makers post puzzle, ask fans to solve it; netizens amazed. The Sun website is regulated by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), Fans were confused as to why Max couldn't speak in Max And Ruby, Viewers took it upon themselves to come up with strange and dark theories to explain why Max couldn't speak, Max And Ruby has changed over several seasons, one key difference being that Max now speaks, Line of Duty series 6 pics see Vicky McClure point gun at Martin Compston as cast tease 'who is behind the balaclava', Killing Eve's Jodie Comer looks worlds away from Villanelle as she snogs Ryan Reynolds in new film Free Guy, EastEnders fans slam soap for 'rewriting history' as Mick's secret daughter is revealed but he's only been with Linda, Game of Thrones prequel House of the Dragon casts Peaky Blinders star in lead Targaryen role, The Walking Dead fans baffled as they spot 'Stormtroopers' in season 10 finale's Commonwealth twist, Millie Bobby Brown was rejected from Game of Thrones and nearly quit acting before breakout Stranger Things role, Strictly Come Dancing stars break down in tears over Caroline Flack as show pays tribute to late star, Spitting Image viewers 'switch off' as Brixbox comedy branded 'too woke' and 'poorly written', Emmerdale fans slam blunder as minor Belle is interviewed without a legal rep and no recording, Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). Max has head trauma from a car accident which killed his parents, leaving Ruby to look after him. Kids of today won't have the same questions as the show's original fans. Asking open-ended questions will give your child the opportunity to share as much or as little as he or she wants. 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. One thing fans have wondered is why Max never spoke, while Ruby did. Another widely cited (but never proven) hypothesis is that Max had some sort of head trauma. < Why does Max never talk in 'Max and Ruby'? When you talk to your child, you are teaching them how to communicate. The show follows the daily adventures of brother and sister bunnies, Max and Ruby. Why does max from max and ruby kinda look like Putin pic.twitter.com/BrpTkXrBVs. Copyright 2023 Distractify. But there are some pretty eccentric fan theories that might leave many people in splits. A report on Distractify revealed that there is a theory that suggests that Max has some type of head trauma. Max has head trauma from a car accident which killed his parents, leaving Ruby to look after him. Max wants one thing in each narrative, but Ruby wants something completely different. There are a few unofficial hypotheses on why Max refuses to speak. - they have parents All Rights Reserved. Though they are siblings, the two never speak to each other. This will help them feel comfortable communicating with others and encourage them to express themselves. Max & Ruby is a Canadian children's animated television series based on the book series by Rosemary Wells and produced by Nelvana Limited with the participation of Nickelodeon Canada. Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies aged 61 after brain aneurysm, Gogglebox star Ellie Warner reveals babys gender in adorable moment with sister Izzis young children, Babatunde Aleshe confirms Matt Hancock is out of Im A Celebrity Get Me Out of Here! Fans of 'Max and Ruby' have recently been debating as to why does Max never talk in the series.