The fruit may also be damaged by eriophyid coconut mites (Eriophyes guerreronis). Coconut Tree is commonly found in coastal areas. [177], Some South Asian, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Ocean cultures have origin myths in which the coconut plays the main role. It is dried out disintegrated coconut meat. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. and Koop Wind (Eds.). Is eating coconut good for your skin? [10], True-to-type dwarf varieties of Pacific coconuts have been cultivated by the Austronesian peoples since ancient times. In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. PETA later clarified that the use of macaques is not practiced in the Philippines, India, Brazil, Colombia, Hawaii, and other major coconut-producing regions. Over the course of evolutionary time-scales the shifting atolls would have shortened the paths of colonization, meaning that any one coconut would not have to travel very far to find new land. [58] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. As per 201415 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states combined account for almost 90% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (33.8%), Karnataka (25.2%), Kerala (24.0%), and Andhra Pradesh (7.2%). The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. Phylogenetic evidence supports the closest relatives of Cocos being either Syagrus or Attalea, both of which are found in South America. Linguistic, archaeological, and genetic evidence all point to the early domestication of Pacific coconuts by the Austronesian peoples in maritime Southeast Asia during the Austronesian expansion (c.3000 to 1500BCE). [127][128][129] Desiccated coconut are used in confections and desserts such as macaroons. [49][4] Indo-Atlantic type coconuts were also later spread by Arab and South Asian traders along the Indian Ocean basin, resulting in limited admixture with Pacific coconuts introduced earlier to Madagascar and the Comoros via the ancient Austronesian maritime trade network. there are a lot of untapped economic potentials in the Coconut industry which need to be . Drift models based on wind and ocean currents have shown that coconuts could not have drifted across the Pacific unaided. [citation needed] They are also used in Hindu weddings as a symbol of prosperity. The conditions required for coconut trees to grow without any care are: The main limiting factor for most locations which satisfy the rainfall and temperature requirements is canopy growth, except those locations near coastlines, where the sandy soil and salt spray limit the growth of most other trees. Composition and Uses: The following products of coconut are useful to human being. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. Dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking frying in particular as well as in soaps and cosmetics. [146] The sap when fermented can also be made into coconut vinegar or various palm wines (which can be further distilled to make arrack). (2009), assigned it to Cocos based on the size and the ridged shape of the fruit. (eds.). She earned her B.A. The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). (January 27, 1967). What's Funny About The Business Of Monkeys Picking Coconuts? The cups were frequently engraved and decorated with precious metals.[155]. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. Spread coconut flakes thinly on a baking sheet and put them in the oven for around five or 10 minutes until they're golden brown. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. C. binoriensis has been claimed by their authors to be the earliest known fossil of Cocos nucifera. Economic theory posits that economic welfare is the total benefit available to society provided by various economic transaction and situation (Economic Online, 2014). Hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, and it is the most common cause of hair loss in women. It is the dominant form in the Indo-Atlantic coconuts. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. What happens to your body if you drink coconut water everyday? Moisturize properly after washing your face. [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. According to figures published in December 2009 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it is the world's second largest producer of coconuts, producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009. Elvira is known for her creative approach to cuisine, and her passion for teaching others about the culinary arts. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus are processed before consumption or made into copra. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . PT. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. However, several states like Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as non-traditional areas for the cultivation of coconut. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. The coconut industry also generates employment and supports local businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of these communities. [12], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. The coconut tree is the official state tree of Kerala, India. In addition to the traditional products of copra, coconut oil and copra meal, coconut has the unique advantage of producing a wide variety of food and environment friendly non-food products which are used both domestically and for a global export market. While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. Malakatad (literally "leather-like") refers to fully mature coconut meat (around 8 to 9 months old) with an opaque white appearance, a tough rubbery to leathery texture, and is difficult to separate from the shell. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is the sole species of the genus Cocos belonging to the subfamily Cocoideae which includes 27 genera and 600 species.It is a diploid with 32 chromosomes (2n=32), guma', Therefore, as well as dwarf cultivars, Slightly nutty odor, tender coconut, coconut oil and processed . Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. What are the importance of coconut and its different uses? of tender .coconut and is used as refreshing and agreeable drink and as a useful substitute for saline glucose in intravenous infusion. Freshly shredded mature coconut meat, known as "grated coconut", "shredded coconut", or "coconut flakes", is used in the extraction of coconut milk. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). In 2020, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, with 75% combined of the total (table). He took the term from the Arabs, who called it jawz hind, translating to 'Indian nut'. Traditionally, dessert banana plants and local wild beach flora such as Scaevola taccada and Ipomoea pes-caprae were used as humidity-supplying green undergrowth for coconut trees, mixed with sea almond and sea hibiscus. Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . However they are mainly present as decoration, and the Australian coconut industry is small; Australia is a net importer of coconut products. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. The meat may also be grated and mixed with water to make coconut milk, which is used in cooking and as a substitute for cows milk. Source of Raw Material for the Agro-Based Industries In the agro-based industry, fruit growing offers the raw materials for canning and preserving products, among other things fresh fruits. Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. [4], Coconuts can also be broadly divided into two general types based on habit: the "Tall" (var. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. The meat can be eaten fresh from the coconut but the meat can also be used to make oil, milk, cream and desiccated coconut. After the first six to nine years, the coconut palm bears fruit, producing roughly 50 fruits per tree per year, up to 300. [114], The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." You probably already have everything you need in your pantry, kitchen, or medicine cabinet. This basically turns the trunk of the tree into a ladder, though it reduces the value of coconut timber recovered from the trees and can be an entry point for infection. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses.The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. While there is a concentration of coconut plantations in the coastal regions of the country, it is also grown in the hinterlands where the agro-climatic requirements of coconut cultivation are met. Self Magazine. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. The shell, freed from the husk, and heated on warm ashes, exudes an oily material that is used to soothe dental pains in traditional medicine of Cambodia. The discovery of this behavior was observed in Bali and North Sulawesi in Indonesia between 1998 and 2008. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. Additionally, a genetically distinct subpopulation of coconut on the Pacific coast of Latin America has undergone a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect; however, its ancestral population is the Pacific coconut from the Philippines. Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. Flowering occurs continuously. Very very educational many thanx for your elaborate description.Raheem, Your email address will not be published. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. (2009). [78], A more controversial method employed by a small number of coconut farmers in Thailand and Malaysia use trained pig-tailed macaques to harvest coconuts. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. Use aloe vera to keep skin strong and healthy. [179] In the story of Sina and the Eel, the origin of the coconut is related as the beautiful woman Sina burying an eel, which eventually became the first coconut. Despite the economic importance of the palm, coconut production continued to show stagnancy in production, productivity, and trade in the recent decade (Sairam and Jayasekhar 2018). [138] Coconut oil extracted from coconut milk or copra is also used for frying, cooking, and making margarine, among other uses.[134][139]. [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. Elvira Bowen is a food expert who has dedicated her life to understanding the science of cooking. [84] Modern methods use hydraulic elevators mounted on tractors or ladders. 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. 70% of the total coconut production is for domestic consumption in most producing countries making Coconut a critical global food security crop. [14][16][17], Coconut fruits have two distinctive forms depending on domestication. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Omissions? Coconut palms are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated; fruit also tends to be shed. During germination, the embryo pushes out of the functional pore and forms a haustorium (the coconut sprout) inside the central cavity. [52][53] Other evidence for a Central Indo-Pacific origin is the native range of the coconut crab; and the higher amounts of C. nucifera-specific insect pests in the region (90%) in comparison to the Americas (20%), and Africa (4%). 37(9):830-5, 2004. [45][24][48][49] Their cultivation and spread was closely tied to the early migrations of the Austronesian peoples who carried coconuts as canoe plants to islands they settled. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. [172] Irrespective of their religious affiliations, fishermen of India often offer it to the rivers and seas in the hopes of having bountiful catches. About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. Every single one of these was ruined by the sea water. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. Saturday &Sunday CLOSED, Hybrid Coconut seedlings, Deejay Sampoorna. ", "Indian state decides coconut trees are no longer trees but palms", "Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 13251354", "Coconut Industry in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Export Development Board", "Australia has a lot of coconut palms so why don't we have a coconut industry? Mathur, P.N. In Kerala, coconut trunks are used for house construction. Coconut water can be drunk fresh or used in cooking as in binakol. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs.